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As I’ve mentioned above, going upstream is often a journey through time and space. The original story is also the first story, and as we saw with the Hawaiian news site, local sources often have special insights into stories.

There are specific tactics you can use with Google and other search engines to help you find original material more quickly.

The following photo is another photo that Twitter users have identified as another “National Geographic photographer” photo. Is it?

Figure 38

A Google reverse image search finds the photo, suggesting the best search term is “birds attacking people.”

Figure 39

This suggestion is based on the fact that the pages where this photo shows up often contain these words: “birds attacking people.”

Figure 40

We can modify that search, however. Let’s return only the older pictures.

We do that by clicking the “Tools” button and then using the “Time” dropdown to select “Custom range.” This should filter out some of the posts that merely include this in slideshows.

Figure 41

We pick a date in the past to see if we can filter out the newer photos. We remove the “birds attacking people” search and replace it with “bird,” since the other phrase sounds like a title for a slideshow with many of these sorts of photos in it. The original isn’t likely to be on a page like that; the slideshows come later in the viral cycle:

Figure 42

Why 2009? For viral photos I usually find 2009 or 2010 a good starting point. If you don’t find any results within that parameter, then go higher, to a year like 2012. If you find too many results, then change the search to something like 2007.

Here we get a much better set of results. Instead of a list of “When Birds Attack” slideshows, we get a set of results talking about this specific photo. One of the results stands out to me.

Figure 43

This third result looks most promising for two reasons:

1. The poster of the “Got too close to the hawk” result seems to know a bit more about the situation, noting “these birds are trained.”
2. It mentions “Kazakhstan Eagle.” That’s a name of a type of bird, but it’s also a place, and if we could confirm this took place in Kazakhstan, there will be other ways to trace this back to the original. Remember–going upstream is about getting closer in time to the original, but it can also mean getting closer in space.

Luckily when we go to that page it links us in the comments to a page that has the set of shots that the photographer was taking, as well as a shot of this cameraman being attacked from another angle.

Figure 44

It’s a series of photos from a hunting competition in Chengelsy Gorge, Kazakhstan. The eagle attacking him is tame and trained, but for some reason attacked him anyway. So this is real; it’s not photoshopped or staged. At the same time it’s not a National Geographic photographer. We could pursue it further if we wanted, but we’ll stop here.

While this process takes some time to explain, in practice it can be done in about 90 seconds. Here’s a YouTube video that shows what this looks like in practice.

(Note that as long as you are careful with confirmation bias, you can replace the search term “bird” with a term like “fake” to find pages claiming the image is fake and see what evidence they present.)

Going local is also useful for other sorts of events. Here is text from a story that ran in many right-wing blogs, under headlines such as “Teen Girls Savagely Beaten By Black Lives Matter Thugs”:

Two white teenage girls and their mother were attacked during the protests in Stockton last Friday. The young girls were transported to the hospital by police after being viciously beaten by Black Lives Matter supporters, but one of the attackers will soon face criminal charges for his role in the assault.

The two teenage girls said they were viciously attacked by more than a dozen male and female protesters as they were leaving a restaurant. As they were leaving the restaurant, they were approached by a group of protesters chanting “Black Lives Matter.”

The headlines and the language used in those posts were often inflammatory and racist, but is there really a story under this? Or is the story fake?

There are many ways we can investigate the story, but for a local event like this you would expect some local coverage. So to go upstream here, one option is to go local. In this case we look to see what news organizations cover the area, by typing in “stockton ca local affiliate”:

Figure 45

Then we go to one of those sites and look for the news, typing in “teenage girls black lives matter.”

Figure 46

And in doing that we find that the event did happen. But the facts, if you follow that link, are more complex than most of the tertiary coverage will convey.

There’s plenty to argue about concerning the event. But by going to the local source we can start with a cleaner version of the facts. This isn’t to say that local news is always reliable, but in a sea of spin and fakery, it’s not a bad place to start for coverage and confirmation of local events.